Volumes of import and export of ammunition from Belarus in September 2025

In a previous article on military railway transport between Belarus and Russia, it was reported about the dispatch of empty cars from Russian Railways stations to the arsenals and ammunition depots of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus for loading explosive materials (EM), as well as the possible resumption of their export to Russia for the needs of the Russian Armed Forces. This information is currently confirmed: the export of Belarusian ammunition is indeed taking place, but at the same time, deliveries of Russian ammunition to Belarus are also being recorded.

According to available data, the most in-demand types of ammunition for the front are being sent from the Republic of Belarus to Russia — presumably 152-mm and 122-mm artillery shells, as well as ammunition for Grad MLRS. In return, new batches of weapons and other types of ammunition are being imported into Belarus.

This material provides information on the volumes of such transport for the entire month of September 2025. The data is divided into two parts: the first is dedicated to the export of ammunition from Belarus to Russia, and the second to its import into the Republic of Belarus from the Russian Federation.

The first part examines the routes and volumes of export. All transport was carried out to the arsenals, depots, and storage bases of ammunition of the Russian Armed Forces. Actual export began on September 18, 2025, and for the period up to October 1, the total volume of EM export supplies amounted to 70 railcars, which is equivalent to approximately 4.5 thousand tonnes of ammunition. According to loading standards, one boxcar can accommodate about 792 D-20 (152 mm) rounds or 1,184 D-30 (122 mm) rounds, which, when converted to 70 railcars, gives a range of 55 to 83 thousand artillery rounds.

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Detailed information on export routes and volumes is provided below: indicating direct recipients, railcar composition, types of railcars, as well as departure and destination stations.

Export of Belarusian ammunition from Belarus (for the period from September 18 to 30, 2025):

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1) From Bobr station (Minsk Division of Belarusian Railway) from the 391st Artillery Ammunition Base of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus (military unit 29253) to Kuzhenkino station (Oktyabrskaya Railway) to the 93rd GRAU Arsenal of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (military unit 54169-TD), a total of 22 railcars were sent, including:

• 20 boxcars with EM (≈ 15,840 D-20 (152 mm) rounds or 23,680 D-30 (122 mm) rounds – calculation provided for reference);
• 2 boxcars (for escorts).

This shipment was carried out by two separate troop trains (divided into two independent groups).

2) From Tsentrolit station (Gomel Division of Belarusian Railway) from the 1393rd Artillery Ammunition Depot of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus (military unit 52208) to Neya station (Northern Railway) to the 100th GRAU Arsenal of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (military unit 54169-KN), 21 railcars were sent, including:

• 20 boxcars with EM (≈ 15,840 D-20 (152 mm) rounds or 23,680 D-30 (122 mm) rounds – calculation provided for reference);
• 1 boxcar (for escorts).

3) From Bronnaya Gora station (Brest Division of Belarusian Railway) from the 46th Missile and Ammunition Arsenal of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus (military unit 67878) to Neya station (Northern Railway) to the 100th GRAU Arsenal of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (military unit 54169-KN), 15 railcars were sent, including:

• 14 boxcars with EM (≈ 11,088 D-20 (152 mm) rounds or 16,576 D-30 (122 mm) rounds – calculation provided for reference);
• 1 boxcar (for escorts).

4) From Dobrush station (Gomel Division of Belarusian Railway) from the 43rd Missile and Ammunition Arsenal of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus (military unit 11724) to Kotovo station (Oktyabrskaya Railway) to the 13th GRAU Arsenal of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (military unit 55443-NL), 11 railcars were sent, including:

• 10 boxcars with EM (≈ 7,920 D-20 (152 mm) rounds or 11,840 D-30 (122 mm) rounds – calculation provided for reference);
• 1 boxcar (for escorts).

5) From Dobrush station (Gomel Division of Belarusian Railway) from the 43rd Missile and Ammunition Arsenal of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus (military unit 11724) to Lukovsky station (North Caucasus Railway) to the 68th GRAU Arsenal of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (military unit 57229-40), 7 railcars were sent, including:

• 6 boxcars with EM (≈ 4,752 D-20 (152 mm) rounds or 7,104 D-30 (122 mm) rounds – calculation provided for reference);
• 1 boxcar (for escorts).

Previously, we identified the arsenals and depots of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus where empty cars were dispatched. Subsequent events confirmed this logic: it is from these storage points that ammunition shipments to Russia are made.

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A total of 76 railcars were sent to Russian bases and arsenals from September 18, 2025, to September 30, 2025, of which 70 were with explosive materials (ammunition).

Thus, the first part of the material examined the routes and volumes of ammunition export from Belarus to Russia in September 2025. These deliveries included dozens of railcars with the most in-demand types of ammunition for the front and confirmed the resumption of exports for the needs of the Russian Armed Forces. It is worth noting that, unlike the practice of 2022–2023, when Belarusian stocks were often sent directly to combat areas, in 2025 they are primarily delivered to the arsenals and storage depots of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation.

Presumably, such a scheme is used for centralized accounting and distribution: Russian arsenals accumulate stocks and then direct them to military units and front-line areas. This may also be related to changes in logistics, as well as the need for inspection, sorting, or refinement of ammunition before use.

However, military transport in September 2025 was not limited to exports only. Along with the export of Belarusian ammunition to Russia, a counter-flow was also recorded — deliveries of Russian ammunition to Belarus. This scheme indicates a bilateral exchange: batches of 152-mm and 122-mm artillery shells and ammunition for Grad MLRS were sent from Belarus, while new batches of weapons and other types of ammunition, intended to replenish the depots of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus, were imported in the opposite direction.

The second part of the material provides information specifically on these counter-transports, i.e., the import of Russian ammunition into Belarus in September 2025.

Import of Russian ammunition into Belarus in September 2025:

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1) Between September 18 and 30, 2025, from Kuzhenkino station (Oktyabrskaya Railway) from the 93rd GRAU Arsenal of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (military unit 54169-TD) to Bobr station (Minsk Division of Belarusian Railway) to the 391st Artillery Ammunition Base of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus (military unit 29253), 20 railcars were sent, including:

• 14 boxcars with EM;
• 5 gondola cars (buffer railcars);
• 1 boxcar (for escorts).

2) Between September 1 and 17, 2025, from Kuzhenkino station (Oktyabrskaya Railway) from the 93rd GRAU Arsenal of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (military unit 54169-TD) to Tsentrolit station (Gomel Division of Belarusian Railway) to the 1393rd Artillery Ammunition Depot of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus (military unit 52208), 20 railcars were sent, including:

• 14 boxcars with EM;
• 5 gondola cars with EM;
• 1 boxcar (for escorts).

3) Between September 18 and 30, 2025, from Kuzhenkino station (Oktyabrskaya Railway) from the 93rd GRAU Arsenal of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (military unit 54169-TD) to Zaslonovo station (Minsk Division of Belarusian Railway) to the 3611th Artillery Ammunition Depot of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus (military unit 73498), 18 railcars were sent, including:

• 12 boxcars with EM;
• 5 gondola cars (buffer railcars);
• 1 boxcar (for escorts).

4) Between September 1 and 17, 2025, from Butylitsy station (Gorky Railway) from the 2161st Central Base of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (RiAB, military unit 96570) to Osipovichi I station (Mogilev Division of Belarusian Railway) to the 1405th Artillery Ammunition Base of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus (military unit 42707), 11 railcars were sent, including:

• 5 boxcars with EM;
• 5 gondola cars (buffer railcars);
• 1 boxcar (for escorts).

In total, 58 railcars were delivered to the bases and arsenals of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus in September 2025, of which 45 were with ammunition (EM category cargo). It can be noted that the import of ammunition from Russia to Belarus, in exchange for previously exported ones, will most likely continue in October 2025.

Thus, the September transports showed a resumption of ammunition exchange between Belarus and Russia. Belarus acts as a source of the most in-demand types of shells, while simultaneously receiving new batches of weapons from the Russian Federation to replenish its arsenals. All this indicates the integration of the two countries' ammunition logistics and the probable continuation of this scheme in the future.

We continue to monitor military transport; as new information becomes available, the material will be updated.

• Related materials:
  Is Belarus resuming the export of ammunition from its arsenals for the needs of the Russian Armed Forces?;
  A large batch of ammunition imported from Russia to Belarus;
  Export of products from Belarus for strategic facilities of the Russian Federation and import of Russian Armed Forces equipment into Belarus — Q1 2025;
  Export volumes of railway cargo to Russia for 2024: MZKT and military cargo;
  Railway deliveries of weapons from Russia to Belarus: data for Q4 and results for 2024;
  Import of Russian weapons and ammunition by railway into Belarus for 9 months of 2024;
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  Information on the export of ammunition from storage arsenals of the Republic of Belarus for 2022 and early 2023;
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